This paper presents the main directions of environmental radioactivity monitoring in Slovakia. The aims and results of the four most important projects dealing with the problems of assessment of health risks are described. They are: – The partial monitoring system “Radiation and other Physical fields“ – part Ionizing radiation; – National survey of indoor radon exposure of the public; – Centre of Slovak Radiation monitoring network for monitoring in the case of radiation accident; – The radiation load of Slovak population from medical exposures. In looking at radiation doses from artificial sources, the predominant contribution comes from medical applications of ionizing radiation. The Slovak population mean annual radiation load from radiodiagnostic examinations represents about 0.6 mSv. This value will cause an increase of one third the natural body radiation level. The outdoor effective dose rates have stabilized in the last 5 years, they show the mean value of 100 nSv.h-1. In the framework of a national survey it was found, that more than 10 % of measured radon concentrations in Slovak dwellings exceed the action level of 200 Bq.m-3.